Caucasus - iri-iri

Ana zaune a wata mashigar ilmin halitta, nau'ikan daga Tsakiya da Arewacin Turai, Asiya ta Tsakiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka suna cuɗanya a nan tare da cututtukan da ba a samu a wani wuri ba.

Shuke-shuke

Hotspot na Caucasus yana gida ne ga nau'ikan tsire-tsire kusan 6,400, fiye da kashi 25 cikin ɗari an iyakance ga yankin. Akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire guda 17 a nan, tara daga cikinsu suna da alaƙa da yanayin yanayin tsaunuka masu tsayi.

Tsire-tsire na Caucasus ya ƙunshi nau'o'in tsoho da yawa, kuma yawancin nau'o'in har yanzu suna da rinjaye ko kuma masu rinjaye a cikin al'ummomin tsire-tsire masu zafi. Abubuwan da aka fi sani sun haɗa da rhododendron endemic Rhododendron caucasicum, R. kasani da kuma R. murmushi da Farisa Ironwood (parrotia persica).

Yankin kuma yana da tarin tsiro masu mahimmancin tattalin arziki, musamman dangin amfanin gona na daji kamar alkama, hatsin rai da sha'ir, da kuma goro da 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar gyada, apricots da tuffa.

tsuntsaye

Ana samun nau'ikan tsuntsayen ruwa da ke barazana a duniya da yawa a nan, gami da duck mai rauni (Vulnerable marbled duck).Marmaronetta angustirostris), Karamin farin gaban Goose mai rauni (Anser erythropus) da agwagwa mai farin kai mai hatsari (Oxyura leucocephala).

Caucasus yana ƙunshe da lambobi masu yawa na raptors masu kiwo kuma yana da muhimmiyar hanya ga tsuntsaye masu ƙaura. Kowace lokacin rani da kaka, miliyoyin tsuntsaye suna wucewa ta kan manyan hanyoyin ƙaura biyu a gabar gabas na Tekun Bahar Black da kuma yammacin Tekun Caspian.

Dabbobi masu shayarwa

Akwai kimanin nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa 130 a cikin Caucasus Hotspot, kusan 20 daga cikinsu suna da yawa. Ana samun manyan nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa da dama a nan, ciki har da Caucasian tur.Capra caucasica), dan gidan akuya. Hatimin Caspian mai Kashewa (Akwatin ma) kuma yana kiwo a gefen Tekun Caspian. Ƙananan nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke barazanar sun haɗa da bat ɗin doki na Mehely Vulnerable (Rhinolophus mehelyi), da linzamin kwamfuta na Birch na Armeniya (Sicista Armenia).

dabbobi masu rarrafe

Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna wakiltar kusan nau'ikan 90, kusan 20 daga cikinsu suna da yawa. Abin sha'awa, da yawa daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan (kamar Darevskia dahli da kuma D. Armenia) suna parthenogenic, ma'ana babu maza, kuma mata suna haifuwa gaba ɗaya da kansu.

Sauran sanannun dabbobi masu rarrafe sun haɗa da macijin Caucasian mai hatsarin gaske (Vipera kaznokovi). Dafin wannan nau'in yana da amfani wajen dakatar da zubar da jini mai yawa a cikin masu aikin tiyata, kuma an yi amfani da maciji don kasuwancin baƙar fata.

Ambiyawa

Bambance-bambancen Amphibian yana da ɗan ƙaranci a wuri mai zafi. Salamander Caucasian mai rauni (Mertensiella caucasica), wanda ke fama da Yammacin Caucasus na Jojiya da Turkiyya, shine sanannun nau'in amphibian na yankin. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan amphibians a cikin Caucasus shine gardama mai tsanani Gorgan salamander.Batrachuperus gorganensis), wanda ya kebanta da kogon Shir-Abad da magudanar ruwa da ke kwarara daga cikinsa a arewa maso yammacin kasar Iran.

Kifayen ruwan ruwa

Yankin yana da nau'ikan kifaye sama da 125, kodayake kusan dozin guda ne kawai ke fama da cutar. Daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa jinsunan akwai uku fitilu: Caspiomyzon, Eudontomyzon mariae da kuma Lampetra lanceolata. Lampreys tsoho ne marasa jaw, kifaye marasa sikelin da suka yi shekaru miliyan 280 kuma suna da mafi girman adadin chromosomes na dukkan kashin baya (164-174). Wani tsohuwar rukuni na kifaye a cikin hotspot nau'in sturgeon guda bakwai ne, gami da sturgeon mai hatsarin gaske (Critically Endangered Beluga sturgeon).Huso huso), mafi girman kifin ruwa da kuma tushen caviar mai daraja.

Invertebrates

Invertebrates, musamman kwari, sun bambanta sosai kuma, a cikin tuddai na Caucasus, mutum zai iya lura da misalai da yawa na rayuwar kwari iri-iri, gami da malam buɗe ido.Parnassius nordmannida kuma Rosalia longicorn irin ƙwaro mai rauni (Rosalia alpina).

Kara karantawa game da dabarun CEPF a cikin hotspot a cikin mu bayanin martabar muhalli (PDF - 3.5 MB), kuma akwai a ciki Rasha (PDF - 4.8 MB).